NBA Athletes Weren’t Just Boycotting Games—They Were on Strike

The Milwaukee Bucks’ startling refusal to take to the court for their NBA playoff game on Aug. 26 was the most consequential political development in sports over the last 50 years.

In recent years, the prevailing media narrative is that athletes have routinely used their to “” or “” to a social issue.

Awareness, though, has its limits. Rarely does it lead to the kind of the shooting by police of Jacob Blake in Kenosha, Wisconsin seems to demand.

In this case, the players met the moment, marking a fundamental shift in the direction of activism generated by Black athletes. The mass player walkouts that followed the Bucks’ initial protest were no exercise in awareness, .

Instead, these athletes were, in effect, going on strike—and showing the world just how much economic leverage they could wield.

Pressure builds

When I began studying Black protest speech in sports around , athlete activism .

Michael Jordan and Tiger Woods had become marketing demigods, bringing sports into the . By signing increasingly lucrative endorsement deals with risk-averse corporate partners, Black athletes, , were trading their conscience for the promise of wealth.

The narrative, however, began to change around 2012, when the Miami Heat for a widely circulated photograph meant to protest the murder of Trayvon Martin in Florida.

Two years later, athlete activism accelerated when the Los Angeles Clippers their team owner, Donald Sterling, for making racist comments. NBA stars wore T-shirts that said “” to protest the killing of Eric Garner’s by police in New York. And five St. Louis Rams players in “don’t shoot” poses to bring attention to the killing of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri. Vice Sports declared 2014 “.”

Then, in 2016, Colin Kaepernick took a knee during the anthem to protest police brutality, ultimately becoming the avatar for the activist athlete. By the time the NFL’s biggest stars shot a in the summer of 2020 to protest the murder of George Floyd, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell that “we should have listened earlier,” despite having overseen Kaepernick’s effective banishment three years earlier.

Yet professional athletes’ reliance on Twitter, Instagram and T-shirts often falls short. Yes, they have an and can often use social media to bypass traditional outlets. But thanks to their relationship with sponsors, advertisers and TV networks, professional sports leagues have an even bigger one.

This gives sports executives like Goodell the power to lead from behind, making the athletes’ message their own.

Perhaps the most cynical use of this technique came in 2017, after Donald Trump said that NFL players who kneel during the national anthem . When the Dallas Cowboys expressed their desire to kneel in solidarity, they were by team owner Jerry Jones, a vocal , who agreed to participate—provided that it did not occur .

The corporate dance

Of course, it is possible for activist athletes to compete with leagues for attention and influence. But this often requires a , such as when Nike announced its brand partnership with Kaepernick.

“Believe in something, even if it means sacrificing everything,” read Kaepernick’s . This slogan—which could just as easily have been catchphrase for the military or the police—reveals the anesthetizing effects corporate messaging can have on politics. Sure, athletes might appear in ads that mention social justice. But they’re ultimately there to sell products, and often than they get in return.

Corporate messaging, moreover, depends not on moral imperatives, but on prevailing public sentiment and shareholder interest. The marketplace provides no guarantee that a company changing its Twitter avatar to say “Black Lives Matter” will always be more than staying silent or doing the opposite.

Furthermore, it is impossible, by definition, for corporations to send anti-corporate messages. For these reasons, athlete activism’s relationship to corporate power is inherently fragile.

From talk to action

The recent work stoppage in professional sports is the most significant moment of athlete activism in a half century not because it “raised awareness” or “started a conversation,” but because it exercised labor’s most elemental form of political power: the strike.

By walking out, professional athletes leveraged their power to exploit, as sociologist Harry Edwards wrote in 1969, “the white man’s economic and almost religious involvement in athletics.”

After a summer of racist police violence and nationwide protest, the shooting of Jacob Blake in Kenosha forced athletes to confront persuasion’s futility and embrace their capacity for leverage. T-shirts and television commercials do not yield phone calls with attorneys general and lieutenant governors, .

Inside the locker room, the Milwaukee Bucks were on a conference call with Wisconsin Attorney General Josh Kaul and Lieutenant Governor Mandela Barnes, sources tell ESPN.
— Adrian Wojnarowski (@wojespn)

The same point was made most forcefully in 2015, when football players at the University of Missouri within 36 hours of announcing a strike for racial justice.

As major media organizations framed the walk-off as a “” and leagues announced that games had been “,” these descriptors hid the threat striking athletes pose to sport’s economic health and racial order. In a vivid demonstration of worker agency, Black athletes refused to entertain audiences and make money for the wealthy owners of their teams.

This, they were saying, was not a conflict to be resolved through “listening.” It would require direct economic pressure.

It is tempting to view the walkout’s spread through , , , and even as an expansion of the activist athlete’s platform. But maybe we should view it as the emergence of interdependent workers’ collectives. After suspending the season in March, the NBA to resume play in Orlando at a Disney complex where all participants would undergo regular virus testing and live together under quarantine.

The “bubble” in Orlando was designed to protect the league’s assets from COVID-19. But what if, instead, the players’ forced proximity to each other ended up cultivating a radical consciousness and facilitating a spirit of worker resistance?

Where the athlete strike goes next is not entirely clear. The NBA has announced that games will resume, and the NFL and NFL Players Association issued a indicating their intention to “use our collective platform to call out racism and injustice whenever and wherever it occurs.”

The statement is a reminder that when corporate power seeks common cause with labor, the result is almost always “difficult conversations about these issues.” Corporations love conversations. They reduce politics to speech and forestall the pace of meaningful social change.

However, sports organizations tend to move more quickly when their .

In a polarized political environment under a president , I see attempts at moral persuasion as teardrops in a poisoned well. What began with the Milwaukee Bucks in Orlando signals a new form of athlete activism not because the platform is growing or the arguments are becoming more convincing, but because it eschews the trappings of symbolic spectacle.

The players are leveraging labor power to accomplish real political work.

This article was originally published by . It has been published here with permission.

Abraham I. Khan is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Communication Arts & Sciences at Pennsylvania State University. His scholarship considers the relationship between African American rhetoric and the history of sport in the United States. Khan is the author of Curt Flood in the �鶹��¼�: Baseball, Race, and the Demise of the Activist-Athlete (UP Mississippi, 2012), and has published essays on Black athletes such as Jackie Robinson, Richard Sherman, and Michael Sam.