麻豆社事件

We are experiencing the rebirth of smallness. Farmers markets, tiny homes, and brew pubs all exemplify our love of smallness. So do charter schools, coffee shops, and local bookstores.

Smallness allows us to be more human.

Small is often (but not always) more affordable, healthier, and sustainable, but its finest characteristic, the one that turns charm into love, is that going small allows us to be more fully who we are. Smallness allows us to be more human.

In higher education the trend is mostly in the opposite direction: Universities with 20,000 or 30,000 students are considered 鈥渕id-sized鈥�; a 鈥渟mall鈥� college is one with a few thousand students. The nation鈥檚 largest university, Arizona State University, has 80,000 students on campus and aims to enroll another 100,000 students online.

At the other end of the spectrum is a handful of colleges that have fewer than a hundred students on campus and no online courses: colleges such as Sterling College; Thomas 麻豆社事件 College of Liberal Arts; and Deep Springs College. These colleges are so small that they can only be called 鈥渢iny.鈥�

Tiny colleges focus not just on a young person鈥檚 intellect, but on the young person as a whole. Equally important, tiny colleges ask, 鈥淗ow can education contribute to human flourishing and the well-being of the world?鈥� And they shape a college experience to address that question. They replace concerns about institutional growth with attention to the growth of students as fully developed, vibrant participants in their communities.

I have had the privilege of teaching at three different institutions of higher learning during my career鈥攁 small liberal arts college and two mid-sized public universities. I have had many excellent students and wonderful colleagues. I have also been profoundly disappointed in each of these institutions, and in many of my colleagues, especially when it comes to helping students and preparing them for the many responsibilities of adulthood. Administrators focus on the business of running a university, and most faculty focus on their scholarship and teaching their discipline. Little deliberate attention is given to how students mature as individuals and social beings.

Young people need an education that will provide them with meaning, hope, courage, and zest.

Having just retired from teaching at a public university, I am now returning to my hometown of Flagstaff, Arizona, to establish a tiny college鈥擣lagstaff College. I am convinced that there is a need for another type of education, one devoted to helping students come into their own and into this beautiful and troubled world. Young people need an education that will provide them with meaning, hope, courage, and zest, as well as information and skills. Large institutions, I believe, are particularly ill-suited to this type of education.

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There is no 鈥渂est of鈥� list when it comes to tiny colleges, at least not yet. But around the country people are creating new colleges that provide an alternative to small liberal arts colleges, large public universities, and what is now being touted as a cost-effective alternative鈥攐nline education.

With only 26 students (and sometimes fewer), Deep Springs is the smallest college in the country and, quite likely, the most atypical. Located on a working cattle ranch on the California-Nevada border, Deep Springs is a private, residential, two-year college for men, committed to educating students for 鈥渁 life of service to humanity.鈥� Founded by the electricity tycoon L.L. Nunn in 1917, Deep Springs鈥� 鈥渃urriculum鈥� revolves around academics, labor, and self-governance. In addition to their courses, students are charged with running the 155-acre ranch and overseeing the functioning of the college. Students chair both the admissions and the curriculum committees.

鈥淟iving in close community with one鈥檚 teachers and fellow students, and being forced to take on adult responsibilities, requires that one grows as a person,鈥� says William Hunt, who graduated last year. 鈥淭o exist for very long in a community like that, you have to get over the question of whether you鈥檙e sufficiently talented or principled and get started worrying about how you can stretch yourself and your peers, how much you can manage to learn with them.鈥�

Sterling College, in Craftsbury Common, Vermont, is also very small鈥攆ewer than a hundred students. Unlike Deep Springs, Sterling focuses its curriculum on environmental and social justice issues, but like Deep Springs it places a high value on personal responsibility and manual labor. According to its catalog, a college education at Sterling combines 鈥渞igorous academics, roll-up-your-sleeves challenges, and good old hard work.鈥�

鈥淓very interaction, and every practical aspect of life, becomes a pedagogical opportunity.鈥�

Can this model of higher education be replicated elsewhere? Some people are convinced it can. In Sitka, Alaska; Viroqua, Wisconsin; Black Mountain, North Carolina; and Flagstaff, groups of individuals are coming together to establish tiny colleges鈥攃olleges that see education as both a means to personal growth and to real-world problem-solving.

In Sitka, Rep. Jonathan Kreiss-Tomkins, the youngest member of the state Legislature, is spearheading the development of Outer Coast College. Modeled after Deep Springs, it will be a two-year, residential college emphasizing intellectual development, self-governance, and labor. Because the coed school will be located in the heart of Sitka (population 8,800), the curriculum will also include service to the community.

In the rural town of Viroqua, Jacob Hundt and others are laboring to create a tiny four-year college based on the philosophical insights of Henry David Thoreau and Rudolf Steiner. Thoreau College鈥檚 mission is 鈥渢o nurture a group of heroic individuals ready to stand in the world with confidence and undertake the difficult tasks required by this critical moment in the evolution of humanity.鈥� In addition to service, labor, academics, and self-governance, the curriculum will emphasize the expressive arts. Hundt, a graduate of Deep Springs, recognizes the educational value of a close-knit community. 鈥淭he size of the community,鈥� he says, 鈥渕eans that every interaction, and every practical aspect of life, becomes a pedagogical opportunity for the development of the character and the vocation of the students.鈥�

Flagstaff College is inspired by the 鈥減hilosophy of organism鈥� developed by Alfred North Whitehead. The 鈥渆arth-centric鈥� curriculum will focus on sustainability studies, structured as intensive-learning modules that extend the classroom into the community and natural world. Unlike other tiny colleges, Flagstaff will be a junior-senior college, offering only the last two years of an undergraduate education.

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The average tuition at a small liberal-arts college is $30,000 to $40,000 a year, not including the cost of living on campus, as compared to $8,000 to $10,000 a year for tuition alone at a public university.

Of the tiny colleges, only Deep Springs does not charge tuition or room and board; students pay only for books and the cost of traveling to and from college. If tiny schools are to become a player on the higher education scene, they will need to find a way to be truly affordable.

At its core, education is a human-to-human interaction.

Doing so may not be that difficult so long as they do not pattern themselves too closely on existing norms. We have come to believe that a good college should have many academic programs and excellent facilities, posh dorms, an array of athletic programs, and a world-class student activity center. Imagine a good college without a climbing wall! We also have accepted the idea that college presidents, and their many vice presidents, should be paid like their counterparts in the business world and that higher education requires an elaborate, up-to-date technology infrastructure. All of this drives up the cost of education.

The 鈥渢rick鈥� to making tiny colleges affordable, if that is the right word, is simplicity. At its core, education is a human-to-human interaction. Reflecting on his own college education, President Garfield once commented that an ideal college would consist of nothing more than the legendary teacher Mark Hopkins on one end of a log and a student on the other.

The economics of a tiny college, in other words, might be similar to that of a tiny house. Because it is small, a tiny house costs less to build and less to furnish, insure, and maintain. But the economic benefits of a small house do not end there. Tiny homes discourage homeowners from buying stuff that they really do not need, because there is no place to put it. There is an economy of scale in being tiny.

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I am a late convert to the idea of tiny colleges, and I fully understand the need for many diverse types of educational institutions. Academic research and job training are important, but tiny colleges aren鈥檛 suited for either. The educational needs of a complex society are themselves complex, and no single model can meet all of these needs. But I am now convinced there is an educational need that is now going almost completely unmet: namely, the need to help young people transition into adulthood. Tiny colleges can do this better than any other type of educational institution.

Each of us comes into our full humanity by close interaction with those who know and care for us.

The ultimate justification for a tiny college is the conviction that each of us comes into our full humanity by close interaction with those who know and care for us, and that one of the basic purposes of higher education is social. Although we give lip service to the idea that a college education will make us better people, when all is said and done, we think of higher education primarily in economic terms. We have come to think of higher education as a means to making a living rather than making a life. We have also come to see higher education as a private good rather than a public one. We have lost sight of the fact that we are individuals in community with others, and our well-being is intimately connected with the health of the Earth.

Tiny colleges are not the answer to all of our educational requirements, but they are an answer to one of our most basic (and largely unacknowledged) educational necessities: the need to produce thoughtful, engaged, and compassionate human beings.